EnciK CreCKo + EngiNeeRiNg

LITERATURE REVIEW

PREVIOUS PRODUCT

Normally the agriculture sector will use the manually process to watering plan. Watering process is controlled by the human who is employee each day according to the stipulated time irrespective or weather condition daily. The worker also needs to monitor each time to the sprinkler. To ensure the plant wills growth smoothly, the soil must be moist and the plants get enough water. After that the engineer comes out with automatic water sprinkler using solar. This is the new technology use in agriculture. The watering plant can operate automatically based on weather condition. They are using two type of sensor used humidity and thermistor to measured soil moisture and temperature. This system using the solar as a supply.

INNOVATION PRODUCT

These projects are to include the monitoring system for the automatic water sprinkler. As we know this is one of improvement of previous product. This will help employee to monitor their farm everywhere surrounding Malaysia, so with this new system the employee don’t need to visit their farm every time, but only may visit once a month so it will cut the cost of travelling. For this monitoring system we are using IGGS SCADA system. The reason why we are using this type of monitoring system because this system will provide optimum flexibility, stability and availability (24-7-365), intuitive, easy and fast to configure. This system also offers immediate overview with advance alarm system. When we are using this system, easy for us to do reporting part which is easy and automatic and accurate trend and historical graph, the IGGS will guarantees your data. This system also based on the real time updating, mobility and flexibility means that you will access the data anywhere in Malaysia. To avoid shutdown this system also prepared the preventive maintenance. The importance things that the IGGS are support from seven Technologies.

MONITORING SYSTEM

The configuration for the system monitor takes two forms which are configuration data for the monitor application itself and configuration data for the system being monitored. The monitoring application needs information such as log file path and number of threads to run with. Once the application is running, it needs to know what to monitor, and deduce how to monitor. Because the configuration data for what to monitor is needed in other areas of the system, such as deployment, the configuration data should not be tailored specifically for use by the system monitor, but should be a generalized system configuration model.

The performance of the monitoring system has two aspects:

§ Impact on system domain or impact on domain functionality: Any element of the monitoring system that prevents the main domain functionality from working is in-appropriate. Ideally the monitoring is a tiny fraction of each applications footprint, requiring simplicity. The monitoring function must be highly tunable to allow for such issues as network performance, improvements to applications in the development life-cycle, appropriate levels of detail, etc. Impact on the systems' primary function must be considered.

§ Efficient monitoring or ability to monitor efficiently: Monitoring must be efficient, able to handle all monitoring goals in a timely manner, within the desired period. This is most related to scalability. Various monitoring modes are discussed below.

There are many issues involved with designing and implementing a system monitor. This is a few issues to be dealt with configuration, protocol, performance and data access

SYSTEM MONITORING BASIC

PROTOCOL

There are many tools for collecting system data from hosts and devices using the SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol).^[1] Most computers and networked devices will have some form of SNMP access. Interpretation of the SNMP data from a host or device requires either a specialized tool (typically extra software from the vendor) or a Management information base (MIB), a mapping of commands/data references to the various data elements the host or device provides. The advantage of SNMP for monitoring is its low bandwidth requirements and universal usage in the industries.

Unless an application itself provides a MIB and output via SNMP, then SNMP is not suitable for collecting application data.

Other protocols are suitable for monitoring applications, such as CORBA (language/OS-independent), JMX (Java-specific management and monitoring protocol), or proprietary TCP/IP or UDP protocols (language/OS independent for the most part).

Data access

Data access refers to the interface by which the monitor data can be utilized by other processes. For example, if the system monitor is a CORBA server, clients can connect and make calls on the monitor for current state of an element, or historical states for an element for some time period.

The system monitor may be writing data directly into a database, allowing other processes to access the database outside the context of the system monitor. This is dangerous however, as the table design for the database will dictate the potential for data-sharing. Ideally the system monitor is a wrapper for whatever persistence mechanism is used, providing a consistent and 'safe' access interface for others to access

SCADA SYSTEM

Concept of SCADA

SCADA stands for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition. Basically SCADA does 2 function which is to collect or acquire data from field devices such as PLC (data acquisition) and send commands that affect changes in the process through the PLC(supervisory control)

SCADA system is designed to perform these 2 basic functions, its real value to any factory or process automation system is its ability to present the collected data to the user. These include the presentation of real time data as numerical or pictorial format, presentation of historical data in graph formats and presentation of real time and historical data as operation reports, production reports, management reports and web-based displays.

DATA ACQUISITION

The data acquisition function of a SCADA system collects (acquires) data from the sensor via the PLC. In a typical SCADA system, these acquired data are known as inputs. In SCADA system we have two types of input which is Digital Input (shown as DI in the SCADA schematic) and Analogue Input (show as A1 in the SCADA Schematic).

Digital inputs are also called DISCRETE INPUTS: basically they behave like electrical switches. They have 2 values (or states) : ON or OFF.

• Examples of digital inputs are fan Running/stopped, Door Opened/closed, valve open/closed.

Analog input are also called continuous Inputs: they have INFINITE value that range from 0-100% of the measured range. It is similar to a voltmeter or an ammeter.

• As example of analogue inputs is measured voltage, current, temperature.

SUPERVISORY CONTROL

The supervisory control function of a SCADA system sends commands (supervise) to the actuator via the PLC. In a typical SCADA system, these supervisory data are known as OUTPUT. In SCADA system, basically there have 2 types which is DIGITAL OUTPUT (shown as DO in the SCADA system) and ANALOGUE OUTPUTS (shown as A0in the SCADA schematic).

Digital outputs are also called Digital Commands: basically they behave like electrical switches with Electrical Voltage present. They have two values (or states): on and off.

• Example of Digital output is Running/stopped, Door Opened/closed, valve open/closed.

Analog outputs are also called ANALOG COMMANDS: they have infinite values that range from 0 to 100% of the output range. It is similar to the volume control of a radio or TV. There are basically two forms of analogue output and they are voltage and current.

OVERVIEW OF IGGS SCADA SYSTEM

IGGS is a SCADA system designed to monitor and control industrial process. The system is designed to automate and support the daily work processes associated with supervising an industrial plant. The main user target for this system are the system designer who makes a model of a industrial plant using the definition program and the operator who monitors and controls the plant using the supervise programmed.

IGGS has been on the market since 1984, with more than 25000 licenses sold worldwide. In its current version 6, IGGS support the windows XP and windows 2000 operating system. The application of IGGS in industrial sector are water treatment and waste purification plants, factory production lines, power stations and luxury liner.

ABSTRACT

Monitoring water sprinkler using SCADA has been develop to improve the monitoring system at the agriculture sector. The agriculture currently doesn’t have the systematic monitoring system to monitor their product. Previously they just using manually monitoring system which are they have to make sure everything in will done smoothly and equipment in a good condition by recheck at every time. As usually human will dull if do those things everyday. Sometime, human will ignore the simple things such as the volumes of water come out from water sprinkler are not enough to our farm, this is will decrease the quality of the product by their farm.. The objective creates this system actually, to monitor the Automatic water sprinkler at our farm from outside such as our farm at the Perak and your office at Kuala Lumpur or inside the farm. Basically this from this system you don’t need to be at your farm everyday you can just monitor your farm at the office. Beside that this system also created to decrease the input (cost of labor). The automated control system is designed to be less monitor in order to enhance the production management aspect for the owner especially to increase the productivity and cost effective. The system equipped with two input sensor of temperature and humidity. The temperature sensor is to take current reading around agriculture areas while the humidity sensor is to take amount reading of soil moisture. While solar system as an energy source used to reduced consumption depend on electricity

INTRODUCTION

The project that I purpose for this FYP1 is the Monitoring Automatic Water Sprinkler using Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA). This is one of Innovation Project. Previously this project don’t have systematic monitoring system because their only use manually monitoring means they need to check either this automatic water sprinkler run smoothly or not. So basically these projects have two parts which is software and hardware. The Hardware part this project will use solar energy as an electrical supply to charge the battery by using solar charger. The software part by using microcontroller ATMEGA 328 to control the humidity and temperature to running DC motor pump, this project will use SCADA as a monitoring system and using Internet Protocol (IP) as a transducer for this project.

This system will use Interactive Graphical SCADA system (IGGS) as a monitoring system. This system will collect the data and analyzed the data given and accurate trends and historical graph and the reporting easy and automatic. This system also have the mobility and flexibility because you can access the data not just if you are nearby with that farm only but the user will just monitoring from somewhere at Malaysia and will use IP as transducer. This system providing the optimum flexibility, stability and availability 24-7-356. Other than that this system intuitive, easy and fast to configure. These systems also have advance alarm system to immediate overview.

The system also will used solar as a power supply to replace electricity energy. A solar power system panel to collect the sun’s energy and battery to store that energy. When the sun is shining, the panel will produce a voltage higher than battery and finally will charge the battery. Most panel will include a blocking diode (an electrical component that will only allow electricity to pass one direction) ensuring that the battery does not discharge through the panel when the sun is not shinning. A connection can be taken from the battery to provide a low voltage direct current VD.

The system control the output based on the changes occurred by the input sensors of temperature and humidity. The temperature change affects the operation outcome on weather condition. The Operation of water pump motor based on the change of humidity sensor when detect moisture. The system will also display the change of temperature and humidity reading on the liquid crystal display (LCD) and also at our IGGS system.

PROBLEM STATEMENT

A key parameter for this project is to monitoring the system of temperature and humidity. In Malaysia we can see that the agriculture sector is one of the main factors to support the economy. Nowadays Malaysia has a lot land area and the weather condition suitable for any plant to quick growing. Other than that, Malaysia also has many land area to open farming. When they are opening the farm suppose to they must used automatic water sprinkler for their farm because it more easy and will cut the cost of the labor. Even in surrounding Malaysia they have use this automatic water sprinkler, but they don’t have the systematic system to monitoring their farm. Previously they have to do their routine to check the equipment in a good condition or the water given to the plant enough or not and the employee need to always come to their farm to make sure their worker do their job exactly like the instruction given by you. Logically if you have a farm at the west of Malaysia and your company at the northern area of Malaysia, you will sent you worker to standby there, but how you know the worker that you sent will do their job properly. If let’s says, the worker at your farm only watering plan once a day, but suppose to they are watering twice a day. This situation will decrease the quality of product from your farm. With this system you will know everything about what happen at your farm directly from your laptop everywhere surrounding Malaysia.