LITERATURE REVIEW
PREVIOUS PRODUCT
Normally the agriculture sector will use the manually process to watering plan. Watering process is controlled by the human who is employee each day according to the stipulated time irrespective or weather condition daily. The worker also needs to monitor each time to the sprinkler. To ensure the plant wills growth smoothly, the soil must be moist and the plants get enough water. After that the engineer comes out with automatic water sprinkler using solar. This is the new technology use in agriculture. The watering plant can operate automatically based on weather condition. They are using two type of sensor used humidity and thermistor to measured soil moisture and temperature. This system using the solar as a supply.
INNOVATION PRODUCT
These projects are to include the monitoring system for the automatic water sprinkler. As we know this is one of improvement of previous product. This will help employee to monitor their farm everywhere surrounding Malaysia, so with this new system the employee don’t need to visit their farm every time, but only may visit once a month so it will cut the cost of travelling. For this monitoring system we are using IGGS SCADA system. The reason why we are using this type of monitoring system because this system will provide optimum flexibility, stability and availability (24-7-365), intuitive, easy and fast to configure. This system also offers immediate overview with advance alarm system. When we are using this system, easy for us to do reporting part which is easy and automatic and accurate trend and historical graph, the IGGS will guarantees your data. This system also based on the real time updating, mobility and flexibility means that you will access the data anywhere in Malaysia. To avoid shutdown this system also prepared the preventive maintenance. The importance things that the IGGS are support from seven Technologies.
The configuration for the system monitor takes two forms which are configuration data for the monitor application itself and configuration data for the system being monitored. The monitoring application needs information such as log file path and number of threads to run with. Once the application is running, it needs to know what to monitor, and deduce how to monitor. Because the configuration data for what to monitor is needed in other areas of the system, such as deployment, the configuration data should not be tailored specifically for use by the system monitor, but should be a generalized system configuration model.
The performance of the monitoring system has two aspects:
§ Impact on system domain or impact on domain functionality: Any element of the monitoring system that prevents the main domain functionality from working is in-appropriate. Ideally the monitoring is a tiny fraction of each applications footprint, requiring simplicity. The monitoring function must be highly tunable to allow for such issues as network performance, improvements to applications in the development life-cycle, appropriate levels of detail, etc. Impact on the systems' primary function must be considered.
§ Efficient monitoring or ability to monitor efficiently: Monitoring must be efficient, able to handle all monitoring goals in a timely manner, within the desired period. This is most related to scalability. Various monitoring modes are discussed below.
There are many issues involved with designing and implementing a system monitor. This is a few issues to be dealt with configuration, protocol, performance and data access
SYSTEM MONITORING BASIC
PROTOCOL
There are many tools for collecting system data from hosts and devices using the SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol).[1] Most computers and networked devices will have some form of SNMP access. Interpretation of the SNMP data from a host or device requires either a specialized tool (typically extra software from the vendor) or a Management information base (MIB), a mapping of commands/data references to the various data elements the host or device provides. The advantage of SNMP for monitoring is its low bandwidth requirements and universal usage in the industries.
Unless an application itself provides a MIB and output via SNMP, then SNMP is not suitable for collecting application data.
Other protocols are suitable for monitoring applications, such as CORBA (language/OS-independent), JMX (Java-specific management and monitoring protocol), or proprietary TCP/IP or UDP protocols (language/OS independent for the most part).
Data access
Data access refers to the interface by which the monitor data can be utilized by other processes. For example, if the system monitor is a CORBA server, clients can connect and make calls on the monitor for current state of an element, or historical states for an element for some time period.
The system monitor may be writing data directly into a database, allowing other processes to access the database outside the context of the system monitor. This is dangerous however, as the table design for the database will dictate the potential for data-sharing. Ideally the system monitor is a wrapper for whatever persistence mechanism is used, providing a consistent and 'safe' access interface for others to access
SCADA SYSTEM
Concept of SCADA
SCADA stands for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition. Basically SCADA does 2 function which is to collect or acquire data from field devices such as PLC (data acquisition) and send commands that affect changes in the process through the PLC(supervisory control)
SCADA system is designed to perform these 2 basic functions, its real value to any factory or process automation system is its ability to present the collected data to the user. These include the presentation of real time data as numerical or pictorial format, presentation of historical data in graph formats and presentation of real time and historical data as operation reports, production reports, management reports and web-based displays.
DATA ACQUISITION
The data acquisition function of a SCADA system collects (acquires) data from the sensor via the PLC. In a typical SCADA system, these acquired data are known as inputs. In SCADA system we have two types of input which is Digital Input (shown as DI in the SCADA schematic) and Analogue Input (show as A1 in the SCADA Schematic).
Digital inputs are also called DISCRETE INPUTS: basically they behave like electrical switches. They have 2 values (or states) : ON or OFF.
- Examples of digital inputs are fan Running/stopped, Door Opened/closed, valve open/closed.
Analog input are also called continuous Inputs: they have INFINITE value that range from 0-100% of the measured range. It is similar to a voltmeter or an ammeter.
- As example of analogue inputs is measured voltage, current, temperature.
SUPERVISORY CONTROL
The supervisory control function of a SCADA system sends commands (supervise) to the actuator via the PLC. In a typical SCADA system, these supervisory data are known as OUTPUT. In SCADA system, basically there have 2 types which is DIGITAL OUTPUT (shown as DO in the SCADA system) and ANALOGUE OUTPUTS (shown as A0in the SCADA schematic).
Digital outputs are also called Digital Commands: basically they behave like electrical switches with Electrical Voltage present. They have two values (or states): on and off.
- Example of Digital output is Running/stopped, Door Opened/closed, valve open/closed.
Analog outputs are also called ANALOG COMMANDS: they have infinite values that range from 0 to 100% of the output range. It is similar to the volume control of a radio or TV. There are basically two forms of analogue output and they are voltage and current.
IGGS is a SCADA system designed to monitor and control industrial process. The system is designed to automate and support the daily work processes associated with supervising an industrial plant. The main user target for this system are the system designer who makes a model of a industrial plant using the definition program and the operator who monitors and controls the plant using the supervise programmed.
IGGS has been on the market since 1984, with more than 25000 licenses sold worldwide. In its current version 6, IGGS support the windows XP and windows 2000 operating system. The application of IGGS in industrial sector are water treatment and waste purification plants, factory production lines, power stations and luxury liner.
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